[英文釋義] Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and in the I region in mice.
Mhc is an extended cluster of genes with extraordinary polymorphism, which consists of three classes of genes ( class i, class ii and classiii ) . they are different from each other in their structure, expression, mode of evolution and so on . class ii genes are further divided into two subclasses and the mhc genes spread over nearly all vertebrates extensively mhc基因是一個(gè)高度多態(tài)的基因群,主要包括三大類基因?類(class)、類(class)和類(class)基因,它們無論在結(jié)構(gòu)組成、表達(dá)組織的類型、刺激特定t細(xì)胞的類群及長期進(jìn)化等方面都有所不同;類基因還可進(jìn)一步分為a、b兩個(gè)亞類:各類基因廣泛分布于各種脊椎動(dòng)物體內(nèi)。
Besides the immunological functions, mhc genes also play important roles in many other respects . the polymorphism of mhc genes, especially of mhc class ii genes, is the most essential property . moreover, mhc genes are usually used to analyze the genetic structure and genetic variation in conservation genetics mhc除了具有免疫功能外,還在其它許多方面起作用:mhc基因的多態(tài)性是最受關(guān)注的特征,尤其是類基因,因此可將mhc位點(diǎn)作為一種遺傳標(biāo)記,用于種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和變異性的研究,這對(duì)于一些瀕危物種的遺傳保護(hù)起到重要的作用。